What did towns/cities smell like back when? With no proper way to get rid of waste... well, the consumption of food also means that it produces feces. Use your imagination as to the stench. Or drive through an agricultural town in West Germany 50 years ago. I don't know about today, but back then they'd collect the human waste for fertilizer and the stench was unmistakable.
I was going to see a waterfall in "wilderness" Maine years ago and reached a spot where the odor of human fecal matter was unmistakable. It wasn't terribly close by (I saw it) but the odor was off the chart in the middle of no where. Multiply that by many thousands. Off topic, but who defecates and doesn't bury it? The moral? If one goes into the forest assume bodily functions will happen and bring along an entrenching tool, aka tiny shovel. FWIW, this was uphill from a manmade impoundment that had a swim area and not far from the stream with the waterfall that ran into that manmade lake. I suppose some folks haven't changed much in the last hundred years.
The only thing that fills me with wonder is that disease wasn't more rampant back then with flies and people defecating upstream and people downstream drinking it. They just didn't know about bacteria and such.
Brian. Lover of SE razors.